7 October 2025 – The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Nobel Prize in Physics 2025 to “for the discovery of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantisation in an electric circuit” Read the press release of The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences here.
The latest issue of e-EPS is out!
Read the September 2025 issue of e-EPS here. e-EPS is the Society’s monthly newsletter.
Shape-shifting collisions probe secrets of early Universe
The first high-energy collisions between light nuclei at the Large Hadron Collider confirm the unusual “bowling-pin” shape of neon nuclei and offer up a new tool to study the extreme state of matter produced in the aftermath of the Big Bang CERN, Geneva, 18th September 2025. This summer, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) took a breath of fresh air. Normally filled with beams of protons, the 27-km ring was reconfigured to enable its first oxygen–oxygen and neon–neon collisions. First results from the new data, recorded over a period of six days by the ALICE, ATLAS, CMS and LHCb experiments, were presented during the Initial Stages conference held in Taipei, Taiwan, on 7–12 September. Smashing atomic nuclei into one another allows physicists to study the quark–gluon plasma (QGP), an extreme state of matter that mimics the conditions of the Universe during its first microseconds, before atoms formed. Until now, exploration of this hot and dense state of free particles at the LHC relied on collisions between heavy ions (like lead or xenon), which maximise the size of the plasma droplet created. Collisions between lighter ions, such as oxygen, open a new window on the QGP to better understand its characteristics and evolution. Not only are they smaller than lead or xenon, allowing a better investigation of the minimum size of nuclei needed to create the QGP, but they are less regular in shape. A neon nucleus, for example, is predicted to be elongated like a bowling pin – a picture that has now been brought into sharper focus thanks to the new LHC results. The experiments focused on measurements of subtle patterns in the angles and directions of the particles flying outward as the QGP droplet expands and cools, which are caused by small distortions in the original collision zone. Remarkably, these “flow” patterns can be described using the same fluid-dynamics calculations that are used to model everyday fluids, allowing researchers to probe both the properties of the QGP and the geometry of the colliding nuclei. Accurate model predictions enable a more precise exploration of flow in oxygen–oxygen and neon–neon collisions than in proton–proton and proton–lead collisions. ALICE, which specialises in the study of the QGP, as well as the general-purpose experiments ATLAS and CMS, have measured sizeable elliptic and triangular flow in oxygen–oxygen and neon–neon collisions, and found that these depend strongly on whether the collisions are glancing or head-on. The level of agreement between theory and data is comparable to that obtained for collisions of heavier xenon and lead ions, despite the much smaller system size. This provides strong evidence that flow in oxygen–oxygen and neon–neon collisions is driven by nuclear geometry, supporting the bowling-pin structure of the neon nucleus and demonstrating that hydrodynamic flow emerges robustly across collision systems at the LHC. Complementary results presented last week by the LHCb collaboration confirm the bowling-pin shape of the neon nucleus. The results are based on lead–argon and lead–neon collisions in a fixed-target configuration, using data recorded in 2024 with its SMOG apparatus. The LHCb collaboration has also started to analyse the oxygen–oxygen and neon–neon collision data. “Taken together, these results bring fresh perspectives on nuclear structure and how matter emerged after the Big Bang,” says CERN Director for Research and Computing Joachim Mnich.
EPS Lisbon Young Minds at the Técnico Open Day 2025
Author: Duarte Esteves, EPS Young Minds Lisbon On 5th April 2025, Instituto Superior Técnico (University of Lisbon) fulfilled its usual tradition and opened its doors to the general public. With the goal of promoting science and engineering, over 100 free activities were offered to about 3000 visitors of all ages, including lab visits and a science fair. The EPS Lisbon Young Minds section has been regularly participating in this event since 2022 in a partnership with the host research centre INESC MN and with the Department of Nuclear Sciences and Engineering. In 2025, the EPS Lisbon Young Minds prepared an interactive activity regarding the electromagnetic spectrum. This incursion on the world of radiation started on the long-wavelength range with infrared radiation, going on to visible and ultraviolet radiation. Kids and adults alike were delighted to find out more about these non-ionising radiations. Namely, the production of electricity using solar cells and the detection of ultraviolet radiation were highlighted, as well the implications for our health. Higher energy ionising radiations were also presented, namely alpha, beta and gamma rays. In particular, the basics of nuclear decays were explained in simple terms, as well as how they can be detected using Geiger-Müller tubes or gamma spectrometers. The impact of radioactivity, its ubiquity and applications were also discussed, conveying both the positive (for instance, radiotherapy or the sterilisation of food and surgical material) and the negative aspects (such as the health effects). Finally, the activity also introduced the audience the exciting world of micro- and nanotechnology, building on the previous hands-on, large-scale experiments. Specifically, the participants learnt about how radiation sensors work and how can be they fabricated in cleanroom contexts. Examples from state-of-the art detectors developed at INESC MN were showcased using a microscope, highlighting the opportunities in miniaturisation and the possible applications in different settings. The EPS Lisbon Young Minds section was happy to join this event of its host institution once more, aiming to promote the interest in Physics in the local community. The simple yet effective interactive demonstrations, paired with informal but informative conversations were very well-received by the participants. The outcome was very positive, as the activity allowed many audience members to become true radiation experts. Moreover, it contributed to raise awareness about the necessity of fundamental and applied research in different domains of Physics, ranging from solid state to nuclear, as well as the benefits for society.
Interview with José María de Teresa: Physics is a key discipline for improving our understanding of nature
Since May 2025, José María de Teresa is the new President-Elect of the European Physical Society. Gina Gunaratnam, EPS communications coordinator, interviewed Prof. de Teresa. How did you get to know the European Physical Society? During my PhD, I learned that one of my supervisors was a member of the Board of the Condensed Matter Division (CMD) of the European Physical Society (EPS), but I was relatively unfamiliar with EPS. However, in 2000, during my postdoc, I had the opportunity to give an invited talk at the CMD conference held in Montreux, Switzerland. I thoroughly enjoyed the conference and was able to discuss with many colleagues. In short, this conference was a great experience and a milestone in my scientific career. Between 2021 and 2024, you were chair of the EPS Condensed Matter Division. Now you are the next EPS President- Elect. Why is it important for you to be involved in the Society’s activities? What will your priorities be as President in 2026? In 2014, I organised one of the mini-colloquia at the CMD conference held in Paris and I was invited to join the CMD Board. Little by little, I began to understand how the EPS works and the relevance of its divisions. In the 21st century, Physics is a very broad discipline, and each division develops its own activities to achieve specific goals. I found the Condensed Matter Division to be a very useful organisation to meet every two years, keep up with the latest developments in the field, and maintain a sense of integrated community. At the same time, the EPS represents a space for all physicists in Europe and provides a meeting point for sharing the latest advances in Physics, as well as enabling collaboration across different research fields. In my opinion, the EPS is the only organisation that offers a forum for all physicists in Europe. We cannot forget that Europe is a key player but relatively small internationally, and it makes sense for national physics societies to join forces to achieve common goals. I must admit that I enjoy participating and playing an active role in networks and scientific societies. Although it takes time, it is worth meeting new colleagues in person, sharing scientific discoveries, and making progress. During my term as President, I have an ambitious program to implement the mission, vision, and core values of the EPS. Together with the EPS office staff, the members of the Executive Committee, and EPS stakeholders, I plan to implement actions along several axes, all with the overall goal of making the EPS an even more dynamic society with a greater direct impact on more than 100,000 European physicists. Regarding the commitment of the EPS to society, we will focus on using our knowledge of physics and the tools and networks available within the EPS to reinforce European values. Could you describe your current field of research? I have a strong background in magnetic materials and spintronics, which I investigated in the first part of my career. Due to a large investment in nanotechnology of the Spanish Ministry of Science and the Aragón Government around 2010, we had the opportunity to set up a new lab in Zaragoza with the most advanced electron and ion microscopes at that time. Since then, I have led the activities in the lab regarding nanofabrication based on focused electron and ion beams, which my group has exploited to investigate fundamental aspects of magnetic, superconducting and quantum materials, whilst developing new techniques for efficient and high-resolution device fabrication. If I had to summarise my current research activities in one single sentence, I would say that «I develop key enabling technologies based on focused electron and ion beams to investigate how matter behaves at the nanoscale and to build efficient nanodevices». What are the challenges of this field? The existing technology for creating focused electron and ion beams in scanning microscopes is astonishing, allowing these beams to be focused to less than 1 nm. While exploring and patterning materials with this spatial resolution is fascinating and leads to numerous applications, this technology suffers from low throughput, for example, compared to optical lithography, which is well established in the semiconductor industry. My group has developed new nanofabrication strategies, based on the use of cryogenic temperatures or metal-organic solutions, to increase throughput, but further developments are needed to expand the range of applications. From a fundamental point of view, achieving artificial topological superconductivity is an important goal in condensed matter physics. My group and many others are working with topological insulators and superconductors to fabricate hybrid devices, with the aim of exploring this technology for quantum computing and sensing. Why did you study physics? As a child, I suffered through the long (three-month) summer holidays in hot Spain, which I often used to explore books on scientific topics and biographies of important scientists. Physics seemed to me to be the most fundamental and challenging science, and the one I was most passionate about. Whether this was a siren call, only time would tell. Thirty years after graduating as a physicist, I feel happy that I made the decision to study physics. In fact, representing the European physicists through the EPS for two years is a true honour I never imagined, while sweating in my humble home in Zaragoza a few decades ago. Would you encourage youngsters to study physics and why? Physics is a key discipline for improving our understanding of nature, as well as for the future of the European economy. It is essential to promote physics among youngsters so that the number of physicists in Europe does not decrease in the future. In a constantly evolving digital society, where children are accustomed to achieving their goals with a simple click, it is not easy to convince them that studying a discipline as complex as physics is worthwhile. However, our mission is to show them that physics is fascinating, that it allows us to understand the world around us, and that
The 12th BPU Congress in Bucharest, July 2025
Author: Radu Constantinescu The Balkan Physical Union (BPU) is the Union of the National Physical Societies from the following 10 countries, all of which are also EPS members: Albania, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Greece, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia and Turkey, https://balkanphysicalunion.info/. Founded in 1985, the Union celebrated its 40th anniversary organizing this year in Bucharest, from July 8 to July 12, its 12th General Congress. The activities were hosted by the National University for Science and Technology “Politehnica” Bucharest and by the Faculty of Physics from the University of Bucharest. The participants had also the opportunity to visit “Extreme Light Infrastructure” (ELI), the most powerful laser in the world that operates within the National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Energy “Horia Hulubei” (NIPNE-HH) in Magurele, near Bucharest. The Congress was attended by almost 400 researchers, students, teachers from 25 countries and consisted of 229 plenary, oral and poster communications. The organizers acknowledge the support offered by the Romanian Ministry of Education and Research, the Romanian Physical Society, the University of Craiova, and the Q-Fort Company, all from Romania. The participants have the opportunity to publish their contributions in three volumes that will be published by EDP Sciences, Springer and Societa Italiana di Fisica, MDPI. In parallel with the 12th BPU Congress, other satellite events took place, the whole program being presented at https://bpu12.ucv.ro/. The European Physical Society was the main co-organizers of the round table, of the two schools and the “hands on” activity. The last three activities were related to the International Year of Quantum Science and Technology and attended by almost 100 students. One of the Schools, the “Frontiers in Quantum Science and Technology” was generously supported the WE Heraeus Foundation from Germany, while ICTP Trieste sponsored the SEENET Workshop.
Report on the EPS TIG event “Frontiers of Quantum Technologies”
Author: Stefan Kubsky Report on the satellite-event organised by the EPS Technology and Innovation Group (EPS TIG) during the Balkan Physical Unions’ Congress BPU-12, held in Bucharest from 9th to 10th July 2025. At the BPU-12 congress, the EPS’ TIG group organised and performed its 5th hands-on event: “Frontiers of Quantum Technologies”. Two industrial partners could be won and were active: KwanTek from France and SaxonQ from Germany. Some 30 students -mostly from the Balkan region- gathered the event, which started by a vivid presentation on career options for students, both in academia and industry, given by Petra Rudolf from the Netherlands. The students asked questions and there was a bilateral discussion going on. After the lunchbreak, Jan Meijer from the Felix Bloch Institute of the University of Leipzig and co-founder of SaxonQ company gave a detailed, yet comprehensible, insight into the field of quantum computing using NV- centres in diamond as Qbits. The highlight of the talk was a short live demonstration of a simple quantum operation, on a remote table-top QC at Leipzig, running the NV- centres as Qubits at RT. Subsequently, Stefan Kubsky started the hands-on part with an in-depth presentation on how to use NV- centres as quantum magnetometers. After this, the students were divided into workgroups, each responsible for a defined subtask, but all with the final aim to get the experiment up, working, produce data, analyse them and finally present them. KwanTek company sent its quantum educational platform « KwanTeach » together with the physicist Zohaib Khan, in order to optimise the built-up of the experimental setup. This is the special format of EPS TIG hands-on events: New exciting and timely experiments with and for the students. After several hours, the students had managed all the above tasks and presented their work to all the audience. The second day was filled up by two detailed visits, the NIMP institute and ELI, both impressive institutes. The lab-tours were well organised and left enough space for all our questions. Students gave substantial positive feedback in the sense that they felt that this experiment was specially designed for them, on purpose and that they understood some new and modern physics to take home. The organisers do have a congruent impression, the interplay of the actors went smoothly and was balanced. The organisers therefore regard the event as a success. The images below illustrate this mood in a fine way.
WE Heraeus School on “Frontiers in Quantum Science and Technologies”
Author: Gertrud Zwicknagl The first BPU – WE Heraeus School on “Frontiers in Quantum Science and Technologies” https://bpu12.ucv.ro/frontiers-in-quantum-science-and-technology/ took place at the National University for Science and Technology “Politehnica” in Bucharest from 4th to 8th July 2025 under the sponsorship by the WE Heraeus Foundation, the University of Craiova, the European Integration Committee of the European Physical Society (EPS-EIC) and the Romanian Physical Society. It was organized as a satellite event of the Congress of the Balkan Physical Union (BPU) (https://bpu12.ucv.ro/). The participants were offered the possibility to combine the school with the hands-on session “Frontier of Quantum Technologies”, another satellite event of the BPU 12 Congress held at Politehnica in Bucharest, July 9-10, 2025. The aim of the school was to deepen the understanding of the quantum world and its applications in quantum technologies. It followed the United Nations General Assembly’s proclamation of the year 2025 as the International Year of Quantum Science and Technology. The school was addressed to early-carrier researchers worldwide, a special emphasis, however, was to establish scientific contacts and partnerships between participants from the Balkans and EU countries. There was a total of 63 on-site participants, including 47 early-carrier scientists as “students”. The students came from European laboratories, mainly from BPU member countries. To our deep regret, several registered students from non-EU countries, in particular from Turkey, were not granted the required visas in good time. The school programme featured 12 lectures by Luc Bergé (France), Radu Ioniciou (Romania), Aurelian Isar (Romania), Florian Marquardt (Germany), Tilman Pfau (Germany), Christophe Rossel (Switzerland), Marina Rotaru (Romania), Petra Rudolf (The Netherlands), Jörg Schmalian (Germany), Calin Alexandru Ur (Romania), Fabian Wolf (Germany), George Zoupanos (Greece). The lectures gave a comprehensive overview over fundamental quantum phenomena on all length and time scales, their role in the second quantum revolution in extending and enhancing established technologies as well as providing new applications. The students were asked to present their research interests which enabled intensive scientific exchange. A highlight was the visit to the Extreme Light Infrastructure (ELI) in Magurele, the world’s largest laser. The richness of the presentations and the discussions in a warm, collegial atmosphere among participants were key to the success of this memorable event. We thank the organizing team and helpers for their dedicated assistance and the WE Heraeus Foundation, the University of Craiova, the European Physical Society and the Romanian Physical Society for their generous financial support.
2025 EPS Emmy Noether Distinction: Call for nominations
Emmy Noether, with her fundamental and revolutionary work in the abstract algebra and on conservation laws in theoretical physics, is an exceptional historical figure for all generations – past, present and future – of physicists. The laureates of the Emmy Noether Distinction are chosen for their capacity to inspire the next generation of scientists, and especially encourage women to pursue a career in physics. Attribution criteria therefore focus on the candidate’s: • research achievements• endeavours to promote gender equality and the empowerment of women in physics• coordination of projects and management activity• service to the scientific community and research administration Nominators are encouraged to address these four points in their proposal. Commencing 2022, the EPS Emmy Noether Distinction for Women in Physics is to be awarded once a year, to two distinguished women in physics. Namely, the Emmy Noether Distinction will be awarded to an early- and mid–career laureate, as well as to a more advanced candidate, as a Distinction for her full career. The selection committee, appointed by the EPS Equal Opportunities Committee, will consider nominations of women in physics working in Europe for the 2025 Edition of the Emmy Noether Distinction as of the nomination deadline of 31st January 2026. To make a nomination, apply via this site or submit the following documents to the EPS Secretariat: Download the distinction charterRead more about the EPS Emmy Noether Distinction
Herwig Schopper 1924 – 2025
Herwig Schopper, EPS President from 1995 to 1997, passed away at the age of 101 Authors: James Gillies, Rolf Heuer, and Rüdiger Voss (CERN) Herwig Schopper passed away on 19 August at the age of 101. A brilliant scientist, manager and diplomat, he will be remembered by most for his leadership of DESY and CERN. However, in a career spanning almost 80 years, he made a lasting impact on global science that reaches far beyond particle physics in Europe. Born on February 28, 1924, in Landskron (today Lanškroun) in a German-speaking part of Czechoslovakia, Herwig enjoyed a protected childhood. He developed his interest in science, music, and sport, and learned fluent English. Drafted into the Luftwaffe signals corps during World War II, he served mainly on the Eastern front, ensuring communications with the military headquarters. At war’s end, he found himself a prisoner of the British military who, thanks to his language skills, engaged him as a translator. His friendship with an English captain facilitated his admission to Hamburg University, where he began his research career. Starting in 1951, several sabbaticals shaped his path: in Stockholm with Lise Meitner, in Cambridge with Otto Frisch, and at Cornell with Bob Wilson. In Cambridge, he published one of the first experimental confirmations of parity violation in weak interactions, for which Lee and Yang received the Nobel Prize in 1957. At Cornell, he learned the science of electron synchrotrons, a step up in energy which established him as an experimental particle physicist. Back in Germany, he held chairs at Erlangen, Mainz, and Karlsruhe, where he laid foundations for today’s Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. He built user groups for DESY and CERN, pioneered superconducting RF studies, and new calorimetry techniques which are still used in present-day experiments. By that time, Herwig had established a reputation not only as a brilliant physicist but also as an equally competent manager. In 1970 he joined CERN as head of the Nuclear Physics Division, only to return to Germany in 1973 to lead DESY. There, the electron-positron storage ring PETRA was constructed under his watch and the gluon discovered in 1979. In 1981 he became Director-General of CERN, tasked with securing approval for the Large Electron-Positron collider LEP. The construction of LEP provided ample opportunity to demonstrate his unique blend of managerial and diplomatic skills, and his ability to take unpopular decisions without dividing the community: to build the machine in a constant budget envelope, he had to shut down the Intersecting Storage Rings (ISR), world’s first hadron collider; his insistence on a 27 km long tunnel, despite some controversy, paved the way for the LHC and ultimately the 2012 discovery of the Higgs boson. His leadership set out the blueprint of CERN for decades to come. Herwig turned 65 two months after stepping down from his CERN position, but retirement was never on his mind. Instead, he started to deploy his unique skillset on an even grander scale. From 1992-94, he was President of the German Physical Society where he managed the integration of the Physical Society of the defunct German Democratic Republic, the first merger of two major scientific societies following the reunification of Germany. From 1995-97, Herwig served as President of the EPS, a term that was marked by another unpopular decision: he steered our society calmly through a tumultuous period when the seat relocated from Geneva to Mulhouse, saving our society from an existential political and financial crisis and building a solid basis for the universal representation of European physicists which the EPS is today. Subsequently, Herwig held important positions at UNESCO, chairing inter alia the advisory committee for the International Basic Science Programme. Most notably, he steered the creation of SESAME, the synchrotron light source in Jordan modeled on CERN. Mastering the political challenge of establishing this organisation with its most improbable constellation of Members was arguably Herwig’s greatest post-retirement achievement, which will remain in the textbooks as a shining example of visionary science diplomacy. He was delighted to see his tenacity rewarded when SESAME started delivering world-class results during his lifetime. Herwig Schopper was a rare blend of scientific and diplomatic genius, humanitarian, and gentleman. He married Ingeborg Stieler in 1949, and is survived by his children Doris and Andreas, three grandchildren, and his partner Ingrid. With his passing, science loses a unique leader whose legacy will endure. An extensive biography can be found in Open Access in:Herwig Schopper and James Gillies: Herwig Schopper – Scientist and Diplomat in a Changing World, Springer 2024 Herwig Schopper during his term as Director-General of CERN (Photo CERN)